Bachelor of Science: University of California at Santa Cruz, 1981.
Master of Science: State University of New York at
Stony Brook ,1986.
Thesis: Iron-Manganese Exchange in
Coexisting Garnet and Ilmenite.
Doctor of Philosophy: University of California at
Berkeley, 1990.
Thesis: Experiments in Silicate Liquids: Redox
State and Sound Speeds.